Systematic Attitude to Triple Helix, combines interactions between industry, university and government in the form of innovation system and covers structural and functional concepts of innovation system. In this study, we have tried to investigate the systematic approach to Triple Helix, , a gap analysis of this system in the country's defense industry. The research is descriptive. The study population consisted of experts of three areas of university, industry and government in the defense industry and 30 were selected for the survey. In the present study, for studying the Triple Helix system, and a gap analysis was used and to determine the significance of differences by Student's t test of SPSS software and spider diagram. The results show that there is a significant difference between the average situation (perceptions of respondents) and the average optimal situation (expectations of respondents). The gap between the functions of the Triple Helix is more significant than others that require more serious attention to these domains.

This study sought to investigate the interactions of University, Industry and Government in science and technology, scientific production in the country during 1985-2015.In this study, the Triple Helix model is used to determine the relationship between university, industry and government, scientific production in the field of science and technology. Accordingly all articles during this period with at least one address of Iran, including 267097 articles in the field of science and technology were extracted and studied through Web of Science.Iranian scientific productions in the field of science and technology had an upward trend during the mentioned time. The mutual interactions between university-government, had the highest value and the lowest value accounted industry-government interactions. T value (three dimension relationship) of university, industry and government has been decreasing in the last three decades and has trended toward zero during recent years.The strong association between university, industry and government, a flourishing industry and technology in the country. Unfortunately, in terms of scientific production, that is an indicator of relationship between these three organs, a good situation cannot be seen in the country. Undoubtedly, investments and implementation of sustainable policies for strengthening of the relations between the three organs, and efforts to eliminate barriers to cooperation of these pillars will follow positive results and a dramatic increase in Triple Helix indicators in scientific production in the country.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the Triple Helix (University- Industry-Government) and applied research projects by proving the existence of relationship between these two variables, as well as promoting the technical cooperation between institutions Methods: this applied science study investigated the mutual information between the Triple Helix (University- Industry- Government) and applied research projects indexed in the science policy research center affiliated to Samat, which is the best database for indexing applied research projects, using T (UIG) indicator. Also, scientific networks of the applied research projects were plotted to show the importance of some institutions, which are better to support.Conclusion: According to the present study, there are some relationships between the Triple Helix and applied research projects, but these relationships are less than developed countries. Although there is no significant relationship between these two variables, investigation of Triple Helix can help applied research projects. Among the three institutions including Industry, Government, and University, the industry is the most important part, which promoting this part of the Triple Helix can improve applied research projects.

This study aims to find the differnces of the Triple Helix (TH) relationship among university-industry-governemnt sectors and forign collaboration in Nano-related researches of Iran and Switzerland. Iran ranked 7 worldwile from 2014 in scientific nano-articles in Web of Science(WoS). Nevertheless, there is no satisfactory state in patents and other innovation-based indicators. While, the Switzerland ranked first in Global Innovation Index (GII) and has enjoyed a highly maintained status in Nano-related patent ranking. Bsed on dataset composed of WoS publications including at least one Iranian or Swiss author (separately), we investigated the paticipation share of each sector, sectoral combination, and synergic effect of the TH relationship. Statistical analysis suggest the presence of a dividing pattern of the TH collaboration between Iran nad Switzerland: Switzerland had very higher paticipation in industry sector, very more bilateral and trilateral collboration, and higher synergic effect of TH relationship than Iran. These findings have implications for Iran to promote the paticipation of the industry sector in scientific research and better using it’ s scintific potential to technology and innovation development.

objective: Investigating the dynamics of Iranian Nano-related publications form the perspective of Triple Helix model (THM) is the goal of this research. Methodology: The data of Nano-related publications collected from Iranian ISI papers. This study maps the emergence of dynamics of knowledge base of innovations using mutual information and transmission of uncertainty calculated by THM. The th. exe and th4. ex software were used in the process of analyzing data. Domestic and international collaboration is analyzed. Findings: The findings show the capabilities of THM for improving policy making in science, technology and innovation (STI), especially in Nano sector and other technological sectors in Iran. Also, the results indicate weakness of the dynamics of knowledge-based relations among Iranian three sectors and international collaborations. .

It has been proposed that we think of continuing medical education (CME) as a two-stranded Helix, in which one strand represents the internal characteristics of the learner-physician, the other strand the culture and environment in which he or she practices and lives. In many countries, the product of these two strands has been increasingly termed ‘continuing professional development’, (CPD). This model holds implications for CME providers and programs of maintenance of competence: what we know about lifelong, self-directed learning (SDL) and the role of culture, environment and setting on learning.This paper proposes an expanded role for CME or CPD providers, constructed on an understanding of self-directed learning, the environment or setting in which physicians work, and, on the evidence about effective CME methods. Finally, these concepts will provide a springboard to describe an idealized or conceptualized vision of the role of the CME provider - the third strand in a Triple Helix - building on self-directed learning, expanding the definition of maintenance of competence and attempting to effect optimal health care.